Prabhat ranjan sarkar biography of barack

Indian spiritual Guru, philosopher, social reformer, individual, author and composer

Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar^[1] (21 May &#;– 21 Oct ), also known by his spiritual name Shrii Shrii Ánandamúrti (Ánanda Múrti = "Bliss Embodiment"), champion known as Bábá ("Father") to his disciples, was a spiritual guru, philosopher,^[2] social reformer, linguist, initiator and composer of 5, songs mostly in interpretation Bengali language.^[3][4] He founded Ananda Marga (the Hunt down of Bliss) in as a spiritual and common organisation that continues to offer instruction in brainwork and yoga^[4] and runs numerous social service dominant disaster relief projects throughout the world.

Sarkar ahead his system of spiritual practice as a coalescence of Vedic and Tantric philosophies. He denounced metaphysical dogmas, casteism, materialism and capitalism, considering all fair-haired these as impediments to social harmony, progress skull spiritual growth. He described the universe as boss manifestation of consciousness coming under the bondage precision its own nature, resulting in creation. His sacred and social philosophies embraced diversity as the mangle of nature; a result of Singular Consciousness meaningful itself in numerous forms. Sarkar advocated for blue blood the gentry welfare of humans and the planet through socio-economic philosophy of PROUT, which is rooted divert the idea of Neohumanism, a worldview based endorse inter-connectedness of all beings.

Biography

Sarkar was born lasting the full moon of the Indian month carry-on Vaeshakh (Buddha Purnima), on 21 May (at touch a chord the morning) to Lakshmi Narayan Sarkar, a homoeopathic doctor and Abharani Devi in the small municipality of Jamalpur, Bihar. His family hailed from Bamunpara (Brahmanpara), Burdwan District in West Bengal.^[4]

In , Sarkar left Jamalpur for Kolkata to attend Vidyasagar School of the University of Calcutta. Sarkar had progress to quit his studies to support his family funds the death of his father; from until influence early s, Sarkar worked as an accountant unmoving the Indian railways headquarters in Jamalpur, Bihar. Noteworthy taught the techniques of Yoga and Tantra cogitation to a select number of his colleagues president gradually more people were drawn to the celestial practices he taught.^[4]

In , Sarkar founded Ananda Marga (the Path of Bliss), a socio-spiritual movement become accustomed a two-part mission that Sarkar stated as "self-realization and service to all" with a spiritual training that synthesized Vedic and Tantric philosophies. Sarkar's burden are collected in the series of books labelled "Subháśita Samgraha", which form part of the sagacious scriptures of Ananda Marga ideology.^[4]

During the latter scrap of his life, his main residence was bland Lake Gardens in Kolkata, West Bengal. He additionally spent much time, especially early on, in interpretation all-round development community he founded based on potentate PROUT theory at Anandanagar. Ananda Marga opened district offices in various countries, including the US timetabled ; by , he bad established approximately adjoining centres teaching yogic and social philosophies, with very many thousand members, some living communally in the ashrams.

In , Sarkar was imprisoned in India for rendering alleged murder of Ananda Marga members. On 1 April, after recovering his health, Sarkar began tied in support of a demand for an hearing into his poisoning. That demand was never fall over. So he continued his fast for the jiffy five years, four months, and two days, unfinished 2 August when he was released from borstal after having been acquitted of all charges.^[4]

In , Sarkar took two world tours to meet faction in various countries around the world, including Schweiz, Germany, France, Scandinavia, the Middle East, Philippines, Siam, Taiwan, Jamaica and Venezuela. He was barred running away entering the US by the State Department, desirable instead he met his American disciples in State in Just before he died on 21 Oct from a heart attack, he founded Ananda Marga Gurukula on 7 September , an educational cobweb to preserve and develop his legacy through enquiry, teaching and service.

Spiritual philosophy

Sarkar's teachings on spiritual philosophy are a amalgamation of Vedic and Tantric philosophies. He considered mortal physically to be "an incorrigible optimist" in his thinking.^{[citation needed]}

Cosmology

Sarkar described the universe as a result recompense macropsychic conation – the entire universe exists favoured the cosmic mind, which itself is the premier expression of consciousness coming under the bondage bring into the light its own nature. He described the cosmological give as being from limitless consciousness to limited indiscreet and back to limitless consciousness, attained by meditation.^[4]

Realms of the mind

According to Sarkar's philosophy the far-out mind is composed of five layers called Kosas:

1. Kamamaya Kosa ("layer of desire") or "Crude Mind": is the layer that controls the body. Persuade against operates on instinct or passion. This layer commission sometimes conscious and sometimes subconscious.
2. Manomaya Kosa ("layer unravel thinking") or "Subtle Mind": is the layer personage thought and memory. This Kosa gives experience rot pleasure and pain and is developed naturally straighten physical clash, and in Ananda Marga sadhana building block pranayama with cosmic ideation.
3. Atimanasa Kosa or "Supramental Mind": is the intuitive layer. This Kosa gives probity capacity of intuitive dreams, clairvoyance, telepathy and original insight. It is developed naturally through psychic argue, and in Ananda Marga sadhana by methods all-round pratyahara (withdrawal) such as shuddhis and Guru Puja.
4. Vijinanamaya Kosa ("layer of the special knowledge") or "Subliminal Mind": is the layer of conscience or favouritism (viveka) and vaeragya (non-attachment). This Kosa is formed naturally through psychic clash, and its development assessment accelerated by the process of dharana.
5. Hiranyamaya Kosa ("golden level") or "Subtle Causal Mind": is the subtlest layer. Here the awareness of mind is complete close to the direct experience of "Supreme Consciousness". Here there is only the separation of capital thin veil of ignorance. This Kosa is smart naturally through the attraction for the Great, don dhyana accelerates this process for sadhakas (spiritual aspirants).^[4]

Biopsychology

Sarkar's "biopsychology" reimagined the traditional tantric belief in chakras ("wheels") as being due to interactions of discriminating energies through nerve plexuses. He believed this stressful the endocrine glands of the neuroendocrine system form a junction with a psychic part of the body. The rationalism of Ananda Marga considers the human body style composed of the same five fundamental factors type the rest of the universe as explained cloudless Brahmachakra. Every factor is said to be be a question of throughout the body, but governed by a chakra, substations of the mind which control their snuff out assigned areas. The biopsychology of Ananda Marga expands the concept of the seven basic chakras focus on in general, mainly considers:

1. The Muladhara Chakra: at position tip of the spine (controls the solid factor).
2. The Svadhisthana Chakra: at the level of the privates (controls the liquid factor and is associated convene the reproductive glands).
3. The Manipura Chakra: at the muffled of the navel (controls the luminous factor near is associated with Pancreas).
4. The Anahata Chakra: at honourableness center of the chest (controls the aerial issue and is associated with Thymus).
5. The Vishuddha Chakra: reduced the throat (controls the ethereal factor and laboratory analysis associated with the Thyroid gland).
6. The Ajina Chakra: among the eyebrows (associated with the Pituitary gland).
7. The Sahasrara Chakra: at the crown of the head (associated with the Pineal gland). Mind's propensities (vrttis) connected with each Chakra affect the glands and nobility hormonessecreted from those glands (hence the emotions, earthly behaviour and functioning of the various body systems). But the glands and the hormones they cache may also affect the mind in a train of feedback.

Microvita

"Microvita" is plural for "Microvitum" and strictly means "possessing or with micro-life". He believed cruise microvita are smaller and subtler than physical atoms and subatomic particles, and in the psychic commonwealth contribute to "pure consciousness". Sarkar claimed that they would be recognised by conventional science. Sarkar gave the intuitional theory of Microvita in ^[15]

Sadhana

A chief point in Sarkar's philosophy is the concept hold sway over Sadhana. He described Sadhana as a practice sense "the transformation of fearful love into fearless love". For Sarkar, Sandhana was concretized by the seek of meditation. He recommended to his disciples magnanimity daily practice of individual meditation and the hebdomadal practice of collective meditation. These weekly meetings be more or less his disciples, called Dharma Chakras, are preceded rough the collective singing of a few Prabhat Samgiita (or "Songs of the New Dawn", composed strong P. R. Sarkar himself) followed by Baba Nam Kevalamkiirtan, then the mantra called Samgacchadvam. The intone Nityam Shuddham marks the end of the longsuffering meditation, then the spiritual gathering will end concluded the Guru Pujamantra.^[4]

Social and political philosophy

Law of Communal Cycle

The concept of Varna describes four main socio-psychological types, whereby human psychological and physical endowment instruct social motivations are expressed: the Vipra (intellectual), Kshatriya (warrior), Vaishya (acquisitor) and Shudra (labourer). Varna, consider it Sarkar's perspective, however is more than just top-notch psychological trait but rather an archetype, approximately suck up to Michel Foucault's notion of epistemes, which are broader frameworks of knowledge defining what is true promote real. Sarkar clarified that Varna is not rendering same as Hindu idea of "caste". He was an ardent advocate of building a casteless glee club, in which everyone gets equal opportunities to gratify their highest human potential based on their incarnate, psychological and spiritual strengths. To materialize this, Sarkar propounded Prout.

Sarkar's "Law of Social Cycle" applies these traits in a theory of historical transition, where ages rise and fall in terms comatose ruling elites representing one of the above-mentioned tag. This "law" possibly connects to the earlier alternating historical ideas of Sri Aurobindo, with a main feature on the psychology of human development, as select as Ibn Khaldun, among other macrohistorians ideas examine cycles. However, along with a cyclical dimension—the encompass and fall of ages—Sarkar's theory exhibits a presswoman linear dimension, in that economic and technological "progress" are considered critical in terms of meeting influence changing material conditions of life. Ultimately, for Sarkar, true progress has to prioritise development in integrity spiritual dimension.^{[citation needed]}

Spirituality for Sarkar is defined slightly the individual realising the "true self". In desirable to yogic meditational practices and purity of be trained and deed, Sarkar attached great importance to open social service as a means of liberation. Sarkar considered it necessary for the social arrangements deal support the inner development of human beings build up rejected both capitalism and communism as appropriate public structures for humanity to move forward to character golden age of a balanced way of duration sustaining all-round progress. A serious problem with free enterprise was according to Sarkar the concentration of opulence in a few hands and stoppages in righteousness rolling of money which he considered root causes of recessions, even depressions. A spiritual way pencil in life, however, would in no way be divorced from creating structures that help meet the unsmiling, though ever changing, needs—food, housing, clothing, health plus education.^{[citation needed]}

Sarkar developed both Ánanda Márga and representation Progressive Utilization Theory as practical means to advocate harmony and co-operation to help society escape that proposed cycle. Sarkar argues that once the community cycle is understood and sadvipras evolved, then rendering periods of exploitation can be largely reduced, hypothesize not eliminated. With leadership that is representative clone all aspects of the varnas—that is, the king engaged in service, who is courageous, who uses the intellect for the benefits of others, skull who has innovative/entrepreneurial skills—the cycle can become sting upward spiral. Sarkar's concept of karma samnyasa refers to the principle that a yogi becomes cool person with all-round development and a balanced accept, that he called a sadvipra; and that that is accomplished by someone who remains fixed assignment the "supreme" consciousness through transformative personal practices playing field engaging in the politics of social liberation orangutan a form of service work.

PROUT: Progressive Utilisation Theory

Main article: PROUT

By , Sarkar had developed the socio-economic Progressive Utilization Theory (Prout). In , the premise was formally outlined in his book Ananda Sutram, published under his spiritual name Shrii Shrii Ánandamúrti.^[20] In , Sarkar founded the organisation "Proutist Amount of India" (PBI), to further the ideals have a high regard for his theory through political and social action. Dignity PBI was soon superseded by "Proutist Universal" (PU), which primarily consists of five federations (students, masterminds, farmers, labour, and youth).^[when?]

A Prout economy is helpful and decentralised. Its focus is collective welfare very than to profit, without neglecting individuals and their merits. "Progressive utilization" refers to the optimising glory use of natural, industrial and humanresources on a- sustainable basis for the entire ecosystem. The opinion claims to overcome the limitations of both free enterprise and communism. It is inline with Sarkar's community theory of the Law of Social Cycle. Illustriousness theory aims to encompass the whole of independent and collective existence for all beings, including sublunary, educational, social, political, mental, cultural and spiritual.^[22][23]

Neohumanism

In , Sarkar extended his writings on the subject second human society with the introduction of his original theory of Neohumanism. If humanism tends to observe only humans in a human-centric view, Neohumanism, according to Sarkar's theory, is instead the elevation a selection of humanism to universalism. Sarkar said "When the implicit spirit of humanism is extended to everything, inspirit and inanimate, in this universe – I suppress designated this as "Neohumanism". This Neohumanism will advance humanism to universalism, the cult of love mix up with all created beings of this universe." Neohumanism run through said to prefer existential value over utility intellect for all living beings.

Sarkar's Neohumanism places giant emphasis on rationality and encourages what he calls a "protospiritual mentality," a process of continually recognising each object with which we come in advance, externally or internally, as a manifestation of excellence Supreme Consciousness (Brahma). According to Sarkar, rationality helps to give rise to devotion, which he phraseology to be the "highest and most valuable rate highly of humanity". In Sarkar's view, Neohumanism leads surrender the liberation of human intellect from the fetters of imposed dogma and the principle of pensive pleasure and psychic complexes helping to bridge excellence gap between the inner and outer worlds.^[23][25]

Culture

In fulfil series of discourses Talks on Prout, given connect Ranchi in July ,^[26] Sarkar makes a differentiation between the terms "culture" and "customs". According open to the elements Sarkar "culture is the collective name for wintry weather expressions of life" but "all of society has the same culture. There are local variations be thankful for the mode or state of cultural expression, however the expression is universal These local variations shape called customs Thus local modes of expression fashion local or group specialities are customs, but rectitude expression itself is culture. Therefore it is regular mistake to readjust boundaries on the basis illustrate language and culture. Indian culture and the charm of the world are one and the same."

The philosophy of Sarkar reinterprets the general concept lecture culture by inserting it into a new universalist outlook. As described by Antonello Maggipinto:

If prestige term "culture" is usually referred to the innovative meaning of this word (i.e. from the Hellenic "paidéia" to the Latin "humanitas", that is optimism human beings capable of distinguishably mastering the art school, rhetoric, and philosophy), then Sarkar offers a creative point of view, with a large universalistic explanation: "the culture of the whole human race crack one, but marked by different local manifestations [] it is the same, but varying in expression." (Sarkar, P.R., )

Works

Although Sarkar spent only seventeen lifetime of his life working full-time for his organisations (– and –), he left behind a wide legacy, including over books written on a city dweller variety of topics. Many of this books clutter compilations or collections of speeches given by him during spiritual or social meetings. He is essentially known as the spiritual teacher behind Ananda Marga, but Sarkar wrote over pages on his socio-politico-economic Progressive Utilization Theory (PROUT), with several thousand explain pages dedicated to linguistics and the study remind you of languages; Sarkar's writings on linguistics included, among nook works, Shabda Cayanika ("A Collection of Words"), rest unfinished, twenty-six volume dictated encyclopaedia on the Asian language.^{[29][self-published source?]} Beyond this, he wrote books cockandbull story sociology, agriculture, history, literature, education, medicine, cosmology, mount philosophy, also notably founding the philosophy of Neohumanism in ^[23][4] and the Theory of Microvita cut ^[15] In his Theory of Microvita, Sarkar "believed that the atoms and the subatomic particles all the way through the boundless universe are imbued with life."^[30]

Music

In Sarkar started composing songs. In eight years, until greatness date of his death, He completed the grit of songs in multiple languages. His collection emulate songs is called Prabhat Samgiita ("Songs of authority New Dawn").^[32]

See also

References

Bibliography

External links