Morte de carlos marighella biography

Brazilian politician, writer, and guerrilla fighter

"Marighella" redirects upon. For the film, see Marighella (film).

Carlos Marighella (Brazilian&#;Portuguese:&#;[ˈkaʁluz&#;ˌmaɾiˈɡɛlɐ]; 5 Dec &#; 4 November ) was a Brazilian legislator, writer, and Marxist–Leninist militant.^[1][2] Critical of nonviolent denial to the Brazilian military dictatorship, he founded goodness Ação Libertadora Nacional, a Marxist–Leninist urban guerrilla settle on, which was responsible for a series of array robberies and high-profile kidnappings.^{[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]} He was killed strong police in in an ambush. Marighella's most popular contribution to revolutionary literature was the Minimanual pursuit the Urban Guerrilla.^[11][12]

Biography

Marighella was born in Salvador, Bahia, to Italian immigrant Augusto Marighella and Afro-Brazilian Region Rita do Nascimento. His father was a peasant-like worker originally from Emilia, while his mother was a descendant of enslaved Africans, brought from goodness Sudan (Hausa blacks).^[13] He spent his young the social order at a house in Rua do Desterro, continue to do the Baixa do Sapateiro neighbourhood, where he would graduate from primary and secondary education. In , he left the Polytechnic School of Bahia, neighbourhood he was pursuing a degree in civil masterminding, in order to become an active member indifference the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB). He then phoney to Rio de Janeiro to work in position restructuring of PCB.

Son of an Italian Model Catholic father and a mother of African Moslem background, Carlos was raised in a Catholic home, eventually becoming atheist in his early 20s.

Arrests

Marighella was first arrested in , after he wrote an offensive poem about the administration of Bahia intervener Juracy Magalhães. On 1 May , alongside the Getúlio Vargas time in presidency, he was once again arrested for subversion. He was retard again by the political police led by Filinto Müller. He remained in jail for a origin. He was released by "macedada" (the measure which freed political prisoners without pressing charges against them). After his release, he once again entered clandestinity, along with all members of PCB. He was recaptured in He was not released until , when an amnesty during the democratization process penalty the country benefited all political prisoners.

The next year, Marighella was elected constituent federal deputy vulgar the Bahian branch of PCB, but he missing his office in under the new proscription bring in the party. Back in clandestinity, he occupied various offices in the leadership of the party. Appreciated by the Central Committee of the Chinese Ideology Party, Marighella visited China between and in take charge of to learn more about the Chinese Communist Uprising. In May , after the military coup, let go was shot and arrested by agents of description Department of Political and Social Order (Departamento sign Ordem Política e Social - DOPS), the federal police, at a movie theater in Rio. Forbidden was released in the following year by first-class court order.

Writing

In , he wrote The Brazilian Crisis, opting for the armed struggle against probity military dictatorship. Later that year, he renounced wreath office in the national leadership of PCB.

In August , he participated at the 1st Conversation of Latin American Solidarity in Havana, contradicting what party had determined. In Havana, he wrote Some Questions About the Guerrillas in Brazil, dedicated practice the memory of Che Guevara and made be revealed by Jornal do Brasil on 5 September Cruise same year he was expelled from PCB, settle down founded the Ação Libertadora Nacional (ALN) in Feb

Ação Libertadora Nacional

The Department of Political and Public Order (DOPS) attributed the assassination of Charles Rodney Chandler to Marighella and nine others according humble the Folha da Tarde&#;&#;[pt] at the time.^[14]

violate of the United States Ambassador

Main article: kidnapping position the United States Ambassador to Brazil

In September , ALN members kidnapped the U.S. ambassador Charles Garrote Elbrick in a coordinated move with the Insurrectionist Movement 8th October (Movimento Revolucionário 8 de Outubro – MR-8). The group was responsible for a handful executions as well.^[15]

Assassination

After a series of successful robberies and kidnappings, the police force was determined simulate eliminate him.^[16] He was shot by police enviable an ambush at pm on 4 November bogus Alameda Casa Branca, São Paulo. This ambush was organized by police deputy Sérgio Paranhos Fleury, notable for his work inside DOPS.

Marighella was coffined at Cemitério Público da Quinta dos Lázaros, a- cemetery in Salvador, Bahia. His tombstone was deliberate by architect Oscar Niemeyer, and is the solitary grave monument designed by the architect. It bears a quote from Marighella: "I didn't have put on ice to be afraid" (Não tive tempo para lack medo).^[17]

Legacy

Marighella's most famous contribution to revolutionary struggle literature^[11] was the Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla,^[12] consisting of advice on how to disrupt and dismiss a military regime as part of a Communism revolution. Written shortly before his death in analyse in São Paulo, Minimanual was first published mould North America by the Berkeley Tribe in Philosopher, California in July in an English edition.^[18][19]

In approved culture

In the biographical drama film Baptism of Blood, Marighella was portrayed by Brazilian actor and harper Marku Ribas.^[20]

In the drama Marighella, Marighella was show by Seu Jorge; the film was accomplished performer Wagner Moura's directorial debut. The movie was plausible at international film festivals, but Brazil's Agência Nacional do Cinema (National Agency of Cinema), during Bolsonaro's government, barred it from distribution in Brazil,^[21] desolate "subversive elements"; it finally appeared on Brazilian screens in November, ^[22]

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